Project

Contracts Affected: All Contracts

Vulnerability Type: Lack of Circuit Breaker

Root Cause:

None of the contracts implement a pausable mechanism that allows halting contract operations in case of emergencies, such as detected vulnerabilities or unexpected behaviors.

Impact:

• Inability to Respond to Attacks: Without the ability to pause contract operations, the project cannot quickly mitigate ongoing attacks or vulnerabilities.

• Extended Exploitation Window: Attackers have a longer window to exploit vulnerabilities before mitigation measures can be applied.

• Potential Financial Losses: Prolonged exploitation can lead to significant financial damages and loss of user funds.

Recommendation:

• Implement Pausable Functionality: Incorporate OpenZeppelin’s Pausable contract to allow authorized roles to pause and unpause contract operations as needed.

  import "@openzeppelin/contracts/security/Pausable.sol";

  ​

  contract MembershipERC1155 is ERC1155Upgradeable, AccessControlUpgradeable, IMembershipERC1155, Pausable {

  // Contract logic

  ​

  function pause() external onlyRole(PAUSER_ROLE) {

  _pause();

  }

  ​

  function unpause() external onlyRole(PAUSER_ROLE) {

  _unpause();

  }

  ​

  // Apply whenNotPaused modifier to sensitive functions

  }

• Define Emergency Roles: Assign specific roles (e.g., PAUSER_ROLE) to trusted entities responsible for pausing the contract during emergencies.

• Regular Drills: Conduct regular emergency response drills to ensure that the pausing mechanism works as intended.