Project

Root Cause:

Functions that modify the state variable number do not emit any events. Emitting events after state changes is a best practice, as it allows off-chain services and users to track and react to these changes.

Impact:

• Reduced Transparency: Without events, external observers cannot easily track changes to the number variable.

• Difficulty in Off-Chain Monitoring: Services like wallets, explorers, or dApps rely on events to update their interfaces and functionalities.

• Challenges in Debugging and Auditing: Lack of emitted events makes it harder to trace the history of state changes, complicating debugging and security auditing efforts.

Recommendations:

• Specify Exact Solidity Compiler Version:

  Use a fixed compiler version to ensure consistent behavior across deployments. For example:

  pragma solidity 0.8.13;

• Update Function Visibility to external Where Appropriate:

  Change functions not called internally to external to optimize gas usage:

  function setNumber(uint256 newNumber) external {

  number = newNumber;

  }

  ​

  function increment() external {

  number++;

  }

• Explicitly Set EVM Target Version:

  In your compiler settings, specify an EVM version compatible with your deployment network to avoid unsupported opcodes:

  {

  "compilerOptions": {

  "evmVersion": "Berlin"

  }

  }

• Emit Events After State Changes:

  Define events and emit them in functions that modify state variables:

  event NumberSet(uint256 newNumber);

  ​

  function setNumber(uint256 newNumber) public {

  number = newNumber;

  emit NumberSet(newNumber);

  }

  ​

  event NumberIncremented(uint256 newNumber);

  ​

  function increment() public {

  number++;

  emit NumberIncremented(number);

  }

By addressing these issues, the contract will adhere to best practices, improve efficiency, ensure compatibility across different networks, and enhance transparency and traceability for users and developers.

Overall Impact:

• Enhanced Security: Fixing these issues reduces the risk of vulnerabilities due to compiler changes or network incompatibilities.

• Optimized Gas Usage: Proper function visibility can lead to cost savings for users interacting with the contract.

• Improved User Experience: Emitting events and ensuring network compatibility enhance the reliability and usability of the contract.

• Future-Proofing: Specifying exact compiler and EVM versions safeguards the contract against unforeseen changes in the Solidity language or Ethereum Virtual Machine.