Summary

Boolean literals (true and false) are fundamental elements in programming but can lead to vulnerabilities when misused. This audit identifies several instances across the codebase where Boolean literals are potentially misused. Misuse includes their presence in complex expressions or as conditionals without proper context, which could introduce logic errors or obscure code behavior. These issues are present in contracts such as

MarginCollaterals.sol,

Markets.sol,

MockUniswapV3SwapStrategyRouter.sol,

and Referral.sol.

Vulnerability Details

Description

Boolean literals (true or false) are straightforward but require careful usage. Misplaced or misused Boolean literals can:

• Obfuscate logic within contracts, leading to unpredictable behavior.

• Impair debugging efforts due to unclear or unintended behavior.

• Result in flawed contract execution, especially in complex expressions.

Examples of Misuse

1. MarginCollaterals.sol:

   
   Multiple instances of the false literal are used, possibly indicating unintended outcomes in conditionals or function logic.

2. Markets.sol:

   
   Several instances of true and false in conditionals and expressions might compromise logic clarity or introduce potential faults.

3. MockUniswapV3SwapStrategyRouter.sol:

   
   Misplaced true literal could alter the behavior of the contract, leading to incorrect execution paths.

4. Referral.sol:

   
   A single instance of false is identified, warranting review to confirm alignment with the intended logic.

Impact

• Logic Errors: Misused literals can disrupt the intended execution flow, potentially causing loss of funds or undesired behaviors in smart contracts.

• Code Maintainability: Overuse or misuse of literals hinders the readability and maintainability of the codebase.

• Debugging Challenges: Faulty logic rooted in literal misuse can complicate troubleshooting and auditing efforts.

Tools Used

1. Remix IDE: For analyzing Boolean literal occurrences and evaluating their usage.

2. Slither: For detecting Boolean literals in conditionals and complex expressions.

3. Manual Review: To assess the alignment of Boolean literals with intended contract behavior.

Recommendations

1. Evaluate the Purpose of Each Literal:

   • For every instance of true or false, ensure that its presence aligns with the intended logic.

   • Replace literals with variables or function calls where appropriate to improve readability and maintainability.

   Example:

   // Instead of this:

   if (false) {

   // some logic

   }

   ​

   // Use this:

   bool isValid = false; // Add context to the condition

   if (isValid) {

   // some logic

   }

2. Replace Magic Booleans with Constants:
   Define meaningful constants for repeated Boolean values to improve clarity.

   // Define constants

   bool constant IS_ACTIVE = true;

   bool constant IS_INACTIVE = false;

   ​

   // Use in logic

   if (status == IS_ACTIVE) {

   // some logic

   }

3. Document Boolean Logic:
   Clearly document the purpose of Boolean values, especially in complex expressions or conditionals.

4. Refactor Complex Logic:
   Simplify expressions containing Boolean literals to ensure their behavior is straightforward and intentional.

5. Add Tests for Boolean Logic:
   Write unit tests that specifically evaluate logic dependent on Boolean values to prevent misuse.