Puppy Raffle

AI First Flight #1
Beginner FriendlyFoundrySolidityNFT
EXP
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Submission Details
Severity: high
Valid

# H-03 Zero-address winner path reverts mint and enables liveness griefing

Description

  • Normal behavior: winner selection should only choose valid active participants and proceed to payout/mint without invariant-violating addresses.

  • Issue: refunded slots are zero-address tombstones that remain eligible in index-based winner selection. When winner == address(0), _safeMint(winner, tokenId) reverts and the draw fails.

uint256 winnerIndex =
uint256(keccak256(abi.encodePacked(msg.sender, block.timestamp, block.difficulty))) % players.length;
address winner = players[winnerIndex]; // @> may be address(0) from refund tombstones
_safeMint(winner, tokenId); // @> reverts for address(0)

Risk

Likelihood:

  • Zero-address entries exist whenever refunds have occurred.

  • Winner selection samples over full players.length, including tombstones.

Impact:

  • Draw transactions revert unpredictably, reducing raffle reliability and throughput.

  • Attackers can strategically create many tombstones to raise revert probability and grief users.

Proof of Concept

// Steps
// 1) Attacker enters many unique addresses.
// 2) Attacker refunds a large subset, creating many address(0) slots.
// 3) selectWinner frequently chooses a zero slot.
// 4) _safeMint(address(0), tokenId) reverts -> draw transaction fails.

Recommended Mitigation

- address winner = players[winnerIndex];
+ address winner = activePlayers[winnerIndex];
+ require(winner != address(0), "Invalid winner");
Updates

Lead Judging Commences

ai-first-flight-judge Lead Judge about 3 hours ago
Submission Judgement Published
Validated
Assigned finding tags:

[H-04] `PuppyRaffle::refund` replaces an index with address(0) which can cause the function `PuppyRaffle::selectWinner` to always revert

## Description `PuppyRaffle::refund` is supposed to refund a player and remove him from the current players. But instead, it replaces his index value with address(0) which is considered a valid value by solidity. This can cause a lot issues because the players array length is unchanged and address(0) is now considered a player. ## Vulnerability Details ```javascript players[playerIndex] = address(0); @> uint256 totalAmountCollected = players.length * entranceFee; (bool success,) = winner.call{value: prizePool}(""); require(success, "PuppyRaffle: Failed to send prize pool to winner"); _safeMint(winner, tokenId); ``` If a player refunds his position, the function `PuppyRaffle::selectWinner` will always revert. Because more than likely the following call will not work because the `prizePool` is based on a amount calculated by considering that that no player has refunded his position and exit the lottery. And it will try to send more tokens that what the contract has : ```javascript uint256 totalAmountCollected = players.length * entranceFee; uint256 prizePool = (totalAmountCollected * 80) / 100; (bool success,) = winner.call{value: prizePool}(""); require(success, "PuppyRaffle: Failed to send prize pool to winner"); ``` However, even if this calls passes for some reason (maby there are more native tokens that what the players have sent or because of the 80% ...). The call will thankfully still fail because of the following line is minting to the zero address is not allowed. ```javascript _safeMint(winner, tokenId); ``` ## Impact The lottery is stoped, any call to the function `PuppyRaffle::selectWinner`will revert. There is no actual loss of funds for users as they can always refund and get their tokens back. However, the protocol is shut down and will lose all it's customers. A core functionality is exposed. Impact is high ### Proof of concept To execute this test : forge test --mt testWinnerSelectionRevertsAfterExit -vvvv ```javascript function testWinnerSelectionRevertsAfterExit() public playersEntered { vm.warp(block.timestamp + duration + 1); vm.roll(block.number + 1); // There are four winners. Winner is last slot vm.prank(playerFour); puppyRaffle.refund(3); // reverts because out of Funds vm.expectRevert(); puppyRaffle.selectWinner(); vm.deal(address(puppyRaffle), 10 ether); vm.expectRevert("ERC721: mint to the zero address"); puppyRaffle.selectWinner(); } ``` ## Recommendations Delete the player index that has refunded. ```diff - players[playerIndex] = address(0); + players[playerIndex] = players[players.length - 1]; + players.pop() ```

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