Puppy Raffle

AI First Flight #1
Beginner FriendlyFoundrySolidityNFT
EXP
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Submission Details
Severity: high
Valid

Raffle Can Be Permanently Bricked (Winner = address(0))

Root + Impact

refund() introduces blank spots (address(0)) in the players array.

selectWinner() does not filter out inactive players.

Winner selection can resolve to address(0), causing mint and payout failures.

Because delete players; is executed after winner selection, a revert prevents reset, leaving the raffle stuck

Description

The refund function sets refunded players to address(0) within the players array. During winner selection, the contract does not exclude these blank slots. If the random index points to a refunded slot, the raffle attempts to transfer ETH and mint an NFT to the zero address. Both operations revert, preventing the raffle from resetting and permanently bricking the protocol.

function selectWinner() external {
require(block.timestamp >= raffleStartTime + raffleDuration, "PuppyRaffle: Raffle not over");
require(players.length >= 4, "PuppyRaffle: Need at least 4 players");
uint256 winnerIndex =
uint256(keccak256(abi.encodePacked(msg.sender, block.timestamp, block.difficulty))) % players.length;
@> address winner = players[winnerIndex];
uint256 totalAmountCollected = players.length * entranceFee;
uint256 prizePool = (totalAmountCollected * 80) / 100;
uint256 fee = (totalAmountCollected * 20) / 100;
totalFees = totalFees + uint64(fee);
uint256 tokenId = totalSupply();
// We use a different RNG calculate from the winnerIndex to determine rarity
uint256 rarity = uint256(keccak256(abi.encodePacked(msg.sender, block.difficulty))) % 100;
if (rarity <= COMMON_RARITY) {
tokenIdToRarity[tokenId] = COMMON_RARITY;
} else if (rarity <= COMMON_RARITY + RARE_RARITY) {
tokenIdToRarity[tokenId] = RARE_RARITY;
} else {
tokenIdToRarity[tokenId] = LEGENDARY_RARITY;
}
delete players;
raffleStartTime = block.timestamp;
previousWinner = winner;
(bool success,) = winner.call{value: prizePool}("");
require(success, "PuppyRaffle: Failed to send prize pool to winner");
_safeMint(winner, tokenId);
}

Risk

Likelihood:

  • High

Impact:

  • Prize ETH sent to address(0)

NFT minted to address(0) will lost forever

  • Raffle funds burned

Proof of Concept

  • Four players enter the raffle: [Alice, Bob, Carol, Dave].

  • Three players (Bob, Carol, Dave) call refund().

  • The players array becomes:
    [0x0, 0x0, 0x0, Alice]

  • activePlayersCount is not tracked,

    so players.length == 4.

  • Execution:

    selectWinner() is called.

    RNG selects winnerIndex = 0.

    winner = players[0] = address(0).

  • Result:

    ETH transfer to address(0) fails.

    NFT mint to address(0) reverts.

    Transaction reverts before delete players; executes.

    Raffle state never resets → protocol permanently bricked

4 players enter
3 refund → array contains [0x0, 0x0, 0x0, Alice]
RNG selects index 0
ETH + NFT sent to address(0)

Recommended Mitigation

Use active player count

Skip zero address during winner selection

address winner;
do {
uint256 winnerIndex = uint256(keccak256(...)) % players.length;
winner = players[winnerIndex];
} while (winner == address(0));
Updates

Lead Judging Commences

ai-first-flight-judge Lead Judge about 3 hours ago
Submission Judgement Published
Validated
Assigned finding tags:

[H-04] `PuppyRaffle::refund` replaces an index with address(0) which can cause the function `PuppyRaffle::selectWinner` to always revert

## Description `PuppyRaffle::refund` is supposed to refund a player and remove him from the current players. But instead, it replaces his index value with address(0) which is considered a valid value by solidity. This can cause a lot issues because the players array length is unchanged and address(0) is now considered a player. ## Vulnerability Details ```javascript players[playerIndex] = address(0); @> uint256 totalAmountCollected = players.length * entranceFee; (bool success,) = winner.call{value: prizePool}(""); require(success, "PuppyRaffle: Failed to send prize pool to winner"); _safeMint(winner, tokenId); ``` If a player refunds his position, the function `PuppyRaffle::selectWinner` will always revert. Because more than likely the following call will not work because the `prizePool` is based on a amount calculated by considering that that no player has refunded his position and exit the lottery. And it will try to send more tokens that what the contract has : ```javascript uint256 totalAmountCollected = players.length * entranceFee; uint256 prizePool = (totalAmountCollected * 80) / 100; (bool success,) = winner.call{value: prizePool}(""); require(success, "PuppyRaffle: Failed to send prize pool to winner"); ``` However, even if this calls passes for some reason (maby there are more native tokens that what the players have sent or because of the 80% ...). The call will thankfully still fail because of the following line is minting to the zero address is not allowed. ```javascript _safeMint(winner, tokenId); ``` ## Impact The lottery is stoped, any call to the function `PuppyRaffle::selectWinner`will revert. There is no actual loss of funds for users as they can always refund and get their tokens back. However, the protocol is shut down and will lose all it's customers. A core functionality is exposed. Impact is high ### Proof of concept To execute this test : forge test --mt testWinnerSelectionRevertsAfterExit -vvvv ```javascript function testWinnerSelectionRevertsAfterExit() public playersEntered { vm.warp(block.timestamp + duration + 1); vm.roll(block.number + 1); // There are four winners. Winner is last slot vm.prank(playerFour); puppyRaffle.refund(3); // reverts because out of Funds vm.expectRevert(); puppyRaffle.selectWinner(); vm.deal(address(puppyRaffle), 10 ether); vm.expectRevert("ERC721: mint to the zero address"); puppyRaffle.selectWinner(); } ``` ## Recommendations Delete the player index that has refunded. ```diff - players[playerIndex] = address(0); + players[playerIndex] = players[players.length - 1]; + players.pop() ```

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