Santa's List

AI First Flight #3
Beginner FriendlyFoundry
EXP
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Submission Details
Severity: high
Valid

Missing Access Control

Root + Impact

Description

  • The checkList() function is intended to be called only by Santa to perform the first check on whether a person is NICE, EXTRA_NICE, NAUGHTY, or NOT_CHECKED_TWICE. According to the NatSpec documentation, this function should be restricted to the contract owner (Santa).

  • The function is missing the onlySanta modifier, allowing any address to call it and arbitrarily set the first-check status for any user, effectively giving unauthorized parties control over the naughty/nice list.

/*
* @notice Do a first pass on someone if they are naughty or nice.
* @> Only callable by santa // Documentation says only Santa
*
* @param person The person to check
* @param status The status of the person
*/
@> function checkList(address person, Status status) external { // Missing onlySanta modifier
s_theListCheckedOnce[person] = status;
emit CheckedOnce(person, status);
}

Risk

Likelihood:

  • Any external address can call this function at any time, as there are no access restrictions preventing unauthorized calls

  • Attackers monitoring the blockchain can detect when Santa performs legitimate checks and immediately overwrite them with their desired status

Impact:

  • Attackers can set themselves to EXTRA_NICE status for the first check, positioning themselves to collect presents and SantaTokens if Santa later calls checkTwice() with matching status

  • Malicious actors can grief legitimate users by changing their first-check status to NAUGHTY, causing Santa's subsequent checkTwice() calls to revert due to status mismatch

  • The entire two-stage verification system is compromised, as the first check can be manipulated by anyone, rendering the "check twice" security mechanism ineffective

Proof of Concept

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.22;
import {Test} from "forge-std/Test.sol";
import {SantasList} from "../src/SantasList.sol";
contract ExploitCheckListTest is Test {
SantasList santasList;
address santa = makeAddr("santa");
address attacker = makeAddr("attacker");
address victim = makeAddr("victim");
function setUp() public {
vm.prank(santa);
santasList = new SantasList();
}
function testAttackerCanSetThemselvesSNice() public {
// Attacker calls checkList without being Santa
vm.prank(attacker);
santasList.checkList(attacker, SantasList.Status.EXTRA_NICE);
// Attacker successfully set themselves to EXTRA_NICE
assertEq(
uint256(santasList.getNaughtyOrNiceOnce(attacker)),
uint256(SantasList.Status.EXTRA_NICE)
);
}
function testAttackerCanGriefVictim() public {
// Santa legitimately checks victim as NICE
vm.prank(santa);
santasList.checkList(victim, SantasList.Status.NICE);
// Attacker overwrites victim's status to NAUGHTY
vm.prank(attacker);
santasList.checkList(victim, SantasList.Status.NAUGHTY);
// Victim's status is now NAUGHTY
assertEq(
uint256(santasList.getNaughtyOrNiceOnce(victim)),
uint256(SantasList.Status.NAUGHTY)
);
// Santa's checkTwice call will now revert
vm.prank(santa);
vm.expectRevert(SantasList.SantasList__SecondCheckDoesntMatchFirst.selector);
santasList.checkTwice(victim, SantasList.Status.NICE);
}
}

Recommended Mitigation

- function checkList(address person, Status status) external {
+ function checkList(address person, Status status) external onlySanta {
s_theListCheckedOnce[person] = status;
emit CheckedOnce(person, status);
}
Updates

Lead Judging Commences

ai-first-flight-judge Lead Judge 14 days ago
Submission Judgement Published
Validated
Assigned finding tags:

[H-01] Anyone is able to call `checkList` function in SantasList contract and prevent any address from becoming `NICE` or `EXTRA_NICE` and collect present.

## Description With the current design of the protocol, anyone is able to call `checkList` function in SantasList contract, while documentation says only Santa should be able to call it. This can be considered as an access control vulnerability, because not only santa is allowed to make the first check. ## Vulnerability Details An attacker could simply call the external `checkList` function, passing as parameter the address of someone else and the enum Status `NAUGHTY`(or `NOT_CHECKED_TWICE`, which should actually be `UNKNOWN` given documentation). By doing that, Santa will not be able to execute `checkTwice` function correctly for `NICE` and `EXTRA_NICE` people. Indeed, if Santa first checked a user and assigned the status `NICE` or `EXTRA_NICE`, anyone is able to call `checkList` function again, and by doing so modify the status. This could result in Santa unable to execute the second check. Moreover, any malicious actor could check the mempool and front run Santa just before calling `checkTwice` function to check users. This would result in a major denial of service issue. ## Impact The impact of this vulnerability is HIGH as it results in a broken mechanism of the check list system. Any user could be declared `NAUGHTY` for the first check at any time, preventing present collecting by users although Santa considered the user as `NICE` or `EXTRA_NICE`. Santa could still call `checkList` function again to reassigned the status to `NICE` or `EXTRA_NICE` before calling `checkTwice` function, but any malicious actor could front run the call to `checkTwice` function. In this scenario, it would be impossible for Santa to actually double check a `NICE` or `EXTRA_NICE` user. ## Proof of Concept Just copy paste this test in SantasListTest contract : ``` function testDosAttack() external { vm.startPrank(makeAddr("attacker")); // any user can checList any address and assigned status to naughty // an attacker could front run Santa before the second check santasList.checkList(makeAddr("user"), SantasList.Status.NAUGHTY); vm.stopPrank(); vm.startPrank(santa); vm.expectRevert(); // Santa is unable to check twice the user santasList.checkTwice(makeAddr("user"), SantasList.Status.NICE); vm.stopPrank(); } ``` ## Recommendations I suggest to add the `onlySanta` modifier to `checkList` function. This will ensure the first check can only be done by Santa, and prevent DOS attack on the contract. With this modifier, specification will be respected : "In this contract Only Santa to take the following actions: - checkList: A function that changes an address to a new Status of NICE, EXTRA_NICE, NAUGHTY, or UNKNOWN on the original s_theListCheckedOnce list." The following code will resolve this access control issue, simply by adding `onlySanta` modifier: ``` function checkList(address person, Status status) external onlySanta { s_theListCheckedOnce[person] = status; emit CheckedOnce(person, status); } ``` No malicious actor is now able to front run Santa before `checkTwice` function call. The following tests shows that doing the first check for another user is impossible after adding `onlySanta` modifier: ``` function testDosResolved() external { vm.startPrank(makeAddr("attacker")); // checklist function call will revert if a user tries to execute the first check for another user vm.expectRevert(SantasList.SantasList__NotSanta.selector); santasList.checkList(makeAddr("user"), SantasList.Status.NAUGHTY); vm.stopPrank(); } ```

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