Santa's List

AI First Flight #3
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EXP
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Submission Details
Severity: high
Valid

Unauthorized users can assign themselves “Nice/Extra Nice” status due to missing access control

Root + Impact

Description

  • The checkList() function is intended to be called exclusively by the Santa role to assign a NICE or EXTRA_NICE status to users, which determines their eligibility for NFTs and Santatoken rewards.

  • The function lacks access control, allowing any external user to call checkList() and assign themselves any status, including NICE or EXTRA_NICE, bypassing the intended Santa-only authorization.

// Root cause in the codebase with @> marks to highlight the relevant section
@> function checkList(address person, Status status) external {
s_theListCheckedOnce[person] = status;
emit CheckedOnce(person, status);
}

Risk

Likelihood: High

  • The function is external and callable by any address without restriction

  • Assigning a privileged status requires only a single direct transaction with no prerequisites

Impact: High

  • Unauthorized users can mint NFTs and receive Santatokens without meeting intended criteria

  • Attackers can exploit the system repeatedly or across multiple addresses, draining or corrupting the reward distribution system

Proof of Concept

  1. Attacker identifies that checkList(address user, Status status) has no access control (not restricted to Santa).

  2. Attacker observes that:
    NICE → mints an NFT
    EXTRA_NICE → mints NFT + grants Santatokens (used to buy presents)

  3. Attacker calls the function directly:
    santasList.checkList(attacker, SantasList.Status.EXTRA_NICE);

  4. Contract accepts the call because there is no onlySanta restriction.

  5. Internal state is updated:
    Attacker is marked as EXTRA_NICE

  6. Protocol triggers reward logic:
    NFT is minted to attacker
    Santatokens are assigned to attacker

  7. Attacker uses Santatokens to:
    Buy presents for themselves or others
    Drain reward distribution intended for legitimate “Nice” users

function testAnyoneCanCheckList() public {
vm.prank(attacker);
santasList.checkList(attacker, SantasList.Status.NICE);
assertEq(uint256(santasList.getNaughtyOrNiceOnce(user)), uint256(SantasList.Status.NICE));
}

Recommended Mitigation

To fix this add an onlySanta modifier to enforce authorization Ensures only the trusted santa address can assign statuses Prevents users from self-assigning NICE or EXTRA_NICE and illegitimately receiving NFTs and Santatokens

- function checkList(address person, Status status) external {
+ function checkList(address person, Status status) external onlySanta {
s_theListCheckedOnce[person] = status;
emit CheckedOnce(person, status);
}
Updates

Lead Judging Commences

ai-first-flight-judge Lead Judge about 1 hour ago
Submission Judgement Published
Validated
Assigned finding tags:

[H-01] Anyone is able to call `checkList` function in SantasList contract and prevent any address from becoming `NICE` or `EXTRA_NICE` and collect present.

## Description With the current design of the protocol, anyone is able to call `checkList` function in SantasList contract, while documentation says only Santa should be able to call it. This can be considered as an access control vulnerability, because not only santa is allowed to make the first check. ## Vulnerability Details An attacker could simply call the external `checkList` function, passing as parameter the address of someone else and the enum Status `NAUGHTY`(or `NOT_CHECKED_TWICE`, which should actually be `UNKNOWN` given documentation). By doing that, Santa will not be able to execute `checkTwice` function correctly for `NICE` and `EXTRA_NICE` people. Indeed, if Santa first checked a user and assigned the status `NICE` or `EXTRA_NICE`, anyone is able to call `checkList` function again, and by doing so modify the status. This could result in Santa unable to execute the second check. Moreover, any malicious actor could check the mempool and front run Santa just before calling `checkTwice` function to check users. This would result in a major denial of service issue. ## Impact The impact of this vulnerability is HIGH as it results in a broken mechanism of the check list system. Any user could be declared `NAUGHTY` for the first check at any time, preventing present collecting by users although Santa considered the user as `NICE` or `EXTRA_NICE`. Santa could still call `checkList` function again to reassigned the status to `NICE` or `EXTRA_NICE` before calling `checkTwice` function, but any malicious actor could front run the call to `checkTwice` function. In this scenario, it would be impossible for Santa to actually double check a `NICE` or `EXTRA_NICE` user. ## Proof of Concept Just copy paste this test in SantasListTest contract : ``` function testDosAttack() external { vm.startPrank(makeAddr("attacker")); // any user can checList any address and assigned status to naughty // an attacker could front run Santa before the second check santasList.checkList(makeAddr("user"), SantasList.Status.NAUGHTY); vm.stopPrank(); vm.startPrank(santa); vm.expectRevert(); // Santa is unable to check twice the user santasList.checkTwice(makeAddr("user"), SantasList.Status.NICE); vm.stopPrank(); } ``` ## Recommendations I suggest to add the `onlySanta` modifier to `checkList` function. This will ensure the first check can only be done by Santa, and prevent DOS attack on the contract. With this modifier, specification will be respected : "In this contract Only Santa to take the following actions: - checkList: A function that changes an address to a new Status of NICE, EXTRA_NICE, NAUGHTY, or UNKNOWN on the original s_theListCheckedOnce list." The following code will resolve this access control issue, simply by adding `onlySanta` modifier: ``` function checkList(address person, Status status) external onlySanta { s_theListCheckedOnce[person] = status; emit CheckedOnce(person, status); } ``` No malicious actor is now able to front run Santa before `checkTwice` function call. The following tests shows that doing the first check for another user is impossible after adding `onlySanta` modifier: ``` function testDosResolved() external { vm.startPrank(makeAddr("attacker")); // checklist function call will revert if a user tries to execute the first check for another user vm.expectRevert(SantasList.SantasList__NotSanta.selector); santasList.checkList(makeAddr("user"), SantasList.Status.NAUGHTY); vm.stopPrank(); } ```

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