Snowman Merkle Airdrop

AI First Flight #10
Beginner FriendlyFoundrySolidityNFT
EXP
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Submission Details
Severity: medium
Valid

M-4 — Claim is bound to the receiver's live balance

Root + Impact

claimSnowman derives amount from Snow.balanceOf(receiver) and uses it in both the EIP-712 digest and the Merkle leaf. Any balance change between the off-chain snapshot and the claim invalidates the claim. A third party can grief by sending 1 Snow to a receiver before the claim; a user who earns, buys, or receives Snow after the snapshot is locked out unless the balance returns to the exact signed value.

Description

// src/SnowmanAirdrop.sol
@>76: if (i_snow.balanceOf(receiver) == 0) revert SA__ZeroAmount();
...
@>80: if (!_isValidSignature(receiver, getMessageHash(receiver), v, r, s)) revert SA__InvalidSignature();
...
@>84: uint256 amount = i_snow.balanceOf(receiver); // live balance, not snapshot
@>86: bytes32 leaf = keccak256(bytes.concat(keccak256(abi.encode(receiver, amount))));
...
112: function getMessageHash(address receiver) public view returns (bytes32) {
...
@>117: uint256 amount = i_snow.balanceOf(receiver); // live balance in the digest
119: return _hashTypedDataV4(keccak256(abi.encode(MESSAGE_TYPEHASH, SnowmanClaim({receiver: receiver, amount: amount}))));

Risk

Likelihood: High — any ordinary ERC20 transfer to the receiver changes the digest; active users routinely earn/buy after a snapshot.

Impact: Medium — denial of legitimate claims (funds/NFTs not received); griefable and time-sensitive.

Proof of Concept

function test_PoC5_BalanceChangeBlocksClaim() public {
_deploy();
(address alice, uint256 aliceKey) = makeAddrAndKey("alice");
address bob = makeAddr("bob");
​
bytes32 root = keccak256(bytes.concat(keccak256(abi.encode(alice, uint256(1)))));
SnowmanAirdrop airdrop = new SnowmanAirdrop(root, address(snow), address(nft));
​
vm.prank(alice); snow.earnSnow();
vm.warp(block.timestamp + 1 weeks);
vm.prank(bob); snow.earnSnow();
​
vm.prank(alice); snow.approve(address(airdrop), type(uint256).max);
​
bytes32 digest = airdrop.getMessageHash(alice); // over amount = 1
(uint8 v, bytes32 r, bytes32 s) = vm.sign(aliceKey, digest);
bytes32[] memory proof = new bytes32[](0);
​
vm.prank(bob); snow.transfer(alice, 1); // griefing transfer
assertEq(snow.balanceOf(alice), 2);
​
vm.expectRevert(); // digest now derives amount = 2
airdrop.claimSnowman(alice, proof, v, r, s);
}

Recommended Mitigation

Make the claimed amount an explicit signed parameter and verify it against the Merkle leaf, instead of reading live balance.

- function claimSnowman(address receiver, bytes32[] calldata merkleProof, uint8 v, bytes32 r, bytes32 s) external nonReentrant {
+ function claimSnowman(address receiver, uint256 amount, bytes32[] calldata merkleProof, uint8 v, bytes32 r, bytes32 s) external nonReentrant {
if (receiver == address(0)) revert SA__ZeroAddress();
- if (i_snow.balanceOf(receiver) == 0) revert SA__ZeroAmount();
+ if (amount == 0) revert SA__ZeroAmount();
+ if (i_snow.balanceOf(receiver) < amount) revert SA__ZeroAmount();
- if (!_isValidSignature(receiver, getMessageHash(receiver), v, r, s)) revert SA__InvalidSignature();
- uint256 amount = i_snow.balanceOf(receiver);
+ if (!_isValidSignature(receiver, getMessageHash(receiver, amount), v, r, s)) revert SA__InvalidSignature();
bytes32 leaf = keccak256(bytes.concat(keccak256(abi.encode(receiver, amount))));

Updates

Lead Judging Commences

ai-first-flight-judge Lead Judge about 8 hours ago
Submission Judgement Published
Validated
Assigned finding tags:

[M-01] DoS to a user trying to claim a Snowman

# Root + Impact ## Description * Users will approve a specific amount of Snow to the SnowmanAirdrop and also sign a message with their address and that same amount, in order to be able to claim the NFT * Because the current amount of Snow owned by the user is used in the verification, an attacker could forcefully send Snow to the receiver in a front-running attack, to prevent the receiver from claiming the NFT.&#x20; ```Solidity function getMessageHash(address receiver) public view returns (bytes32) { ... // @audit HIGH An attacker could send 1 wei of Snow token to the receiver and invalidate the signature, causing the receiver to never be able to claim their Snowman uint256 amount = i_snow.balanceOf(receiver); return _hashTypedDataV4( keccak256(abi.encode(MESSAGE_TYPEHASH, SnowmanClaim({receiver: receiver, amount: amount}))) ); ``` ## Risk **Likelihood**: * The attacker must purchase Snow and forcefully send it to the receiver in a front-running attack, so the likelihood is Medium **Impact**: * The impact is High as it could lock out the receiver from claiming forever ## Proof of Concept The attack consists on Bob sending an extra Snow token to Alice before Satoshi claims the NFT on behalf of Alice. To showcase the risk, the extra Snow is earned for free by Bob. ```Solidity function testDoSClaimSnowman() public { assert(snow.balanceOf(alice) == 1); // Get alice's digest while the amount is still 1 bytes32 alDigest = airdrop.getMessageHash(alice); // alice signs a message (uint8 alV, bytes32 alR, bytes32 alS) = vm.sign(alKey, alDigest); vm.startPrank(bob); vm.warp(block.timestamp + 1 weeks); snow.earnSnow(); assert(snow.balanceOf(bob) == 2); snow.transfer(alice, 1); // Alice claim test assert(snow.balanceOf(alice) == 2); vm.startPrank(alice); snow.approve(address(airdrop), 1); // satoshi calls claims on behalf of alice using her signed message vm.startPrank(satoshi); vm.expectRevert(); airdrop.claimSnowman(alice, AL_PROOF, alV, alR, alS); } ``` ## Recommended Mitigation Include the amount to be claimed in both `getMessageHash` and `claimSnowman` instead of reading it from the Snow contract. Showing only the new code in the section below ```Python function claimSnowman(address receiver, uint256 amount, bytes32[] calldata merkleProof, uint8 v, bytes32 r, bytes32 s) external nonReentrant { ... bytes32 leaf = keccak256(bytes.concat(keccak256(abi.encode(receiver, amount)))); if (!MerkleProof.verify(merkleProof, i_merkleRoot, leaf)) { revert SA__InvalidProof(); } // @audit LOW Seems like using the ERC20 permit here would allow for both the delegation of the claim and the transfer of the Snow tokens in one transaction i_snow.safeTransferFrom(receiver, address(this), amount); // send ... } ```

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