Thunder Loan

AI First Flight #7
Beginner FriendlyFoundryDeFiOracle
EXP
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Submission Details
Severity: high
Valid

Upgrading to `ThunderLoanUpgraded` collides storage and reprices every loan to 100%

Root + Impact

Description

`ThunderLoanUpgraded` removes the `s_feePrecision` storage variable and converts `FEE_PRECISION` to a
`constant`, which occupies no slot. Every variable after it shifts up one slot. After
`upgradeTo`, `s_flashLoanFee` reads the old `s_feePrecision` value of `1e18` — a 100% fee.
V1, `src/protocol/ThunderLoan.sol:110-116`:
mapping(IERC20 => AssetToken) public s_tokenToAssetToken; // slot 202
uint256 private s_feePrecision; // slot 203
uint256 private s_flashLoanFee; // slot 204
mapping(IERC20 => bool) private s_currentlyFlashLoaning; // slot 205
V2, `src/upgradedProtocol/ThunderLoanUpgraded.sol:93-99`:
mapping(IERC20 => AssetToken) public s_tokenToAssetToken; // slot 202
uint256 private s_flashLoanFee; // slot 203 ← was s_feePrecision
uint256 public constant FEE_PRECISION = 1e18; // no slot
mapping(IERC20 => bool) private s_currentlyFlashLoaning; // slot 204 ← was s_flashLoanFee
Confirmed with `forge inspect ThunderLoan storage` and `forge inspect ThunderLoanUpgraded storage`.
`initialize` writes `s_feePrecision = 1e18` at `src/protocol/ThunderLoan.sol:160`, so slot 203 holds
`1e18` at upgrade time. Nothing reverts to signal the corruption: `updateFlashLoanFee` accepts
exactly `1e18` as legal, since `:271` tests only `newFee > s_feePrecision`.
The `s_currentlyFlashLoaning` mapping base also moves from slot 205 to 204, silently re-keying every
entry.

Risk

Every flash loan is charged 100% of the borrowed value rather than 0.3%, making the protocol's core
function economically unusable. The corrupted value is indistinguishable from a valid configuration,
so there is no on-chain signal that anything is wrong.


Proof of Concept

check test

function test_H3_upgradeCollidesFeeSlot() public {
uint256 feeBefore = thunderLoan.getFee();
assertEq(feeBefore, 3e15, "0.3% before upgrade");
ThunderLoanUpgraded impl = new ThunderLoanUpgraded();
thunderLoan.upgradeTo(address(impl));
uint256 feeAfter = ThunderLoanUpgraded(address(thunderLoan)).getFee();
console.log("fee before upgrade:", feeBefore);
console.log("fee after upgrade:", feeAfter);
assertEq(feeAfter, 1e18, "s_feePrecision (1e18) is read as s_flashLoanFee");
assertGt(feeAfter, feeBefore);
}

Recommended Mitigation

Preserve the V1 layout slot-for-slot.

```diff
mapping(IERC20 => AssetToken) public s_tokenToAssetToken;
+// Retained solely to preserve V1 storage layout — do not remove.
+uint256 private __gap_feePrecision;
uint256 private s_flashLoanFee;
uint256 public constant FEE_PRECISION = 1e18;
```
Updates

Lead Judging Commences

ai-first-flight-judge Lead Judge about 3 hours ago
Submission Judgement Published
Validated
Assigned finding tags:

[H-01] Storage Collision during upgrade

## Description The thunderloanupgrade.sol storage layout is not compatible with the storage layout of thunderloan.sol which will cause storage collision and mismatch of variable to different data. ## Vulnerability Details Thunderloan.sol at slot 1,2 and 3 holds s_feePrecision, s_flashLoanFee and s_currentlyFlashLoaning, respectively, but the ThunderLoanUpgraded at slot 1 and 2 holds s_flashLoanFee, s_currentlyFlashLoaning respectively. the s_feePrecision from the thunderloan.sol was changed to a constant variable which will no longer be assessed from the state variable. This will cause the location at which the upgraded version will be pointing to for some significant state variables like s_flashLoanFee to be wrong because s_flashLoanFee is now pointing to the slot of the s_feePrecision in the thunderloan.sol and when this fee is used to compute the fee for flashloan it will return a fee amount greater than the intention of the developer. s_currentlyFlashLoaning might not really be affected as it is back to default when a flashloan is completed but still to be noted that the value at that slot can be cleared to be on a safer side. ## Impact 1. Fee is miscalculated for flashloan 1. users pay same amount of what they borrowed as fee ## POC 2 ``` function testFlashLoanAfterUpgrade() public setAllowedToken hasDeposits { //upgrade thunderloan upgradeThunderloan(); uint256 amountToBorrow = AMOUNT * 10; console.log("amount flashloaned", amountToBorrow); uint256 calculatedFee = thunderLoan.getCalculatedFee( tokenA, amountToBorrow ); AssetToken assetToken = thunderLoan.getAssetFromToken(tokenA); vm.startPrank(user); tokenA.mint(address(mockFlashLoanReceiver), amountToBorrow); thunderLoan.flashloan( address(mockFlashLoanReceiver), tokenA, amountToBorrow, "" ); vm.stopPrank(); console.log("feepaid", calculatedFee); assertEq(amountToBorrow, calculatedFee); } ``` Add the code above to thunderloantest.t.sol and run `forge test --mt testFlashLoanAfterUpgrade -vv` to test for the second poc ## Recommendations The team should should make sure the the fee is pointing to the correct location as intended by the developer: a suggestion recommendation is for the team to get the feeValue from the previous implementation, clear the values that will not be needed again and after upgrade reset the fee back to its previous value from the implementation. ##POC for recommendation ``` // function upgradeThunderloanFixed() internal { thunderLoanUpgraded = new ThunderLoanUpgraded(); //getting the current fee; uint fee = thunderLoan.getFee(); // clear the fee as thunderLoan.updateFlashLoanFee(0); // upgrade to the new implementation thunderLoan.upgradeTo(address(thunderLoanUpgraded)); //wrapped the abi thunderLoanUpgraded = ThunderLoanUpgraded(address(proxy)); // set the fee back to the correct value thunderLoanUpgraded.updateFlashLoanFee(fee); } function testSlotValuesFixedfterUpgrade() public setAllowedToken { AssetToken asset = thunderLoan.getAssetFromToken(tokenA); uint precision = thunderLoan.getFeePrecision(); uint fee = thunderLoan.getFee(); bool isflanshloaning = thunderLoan.isCurrentlyFlashLoaning(tokenA); /// 4 slots before upgrade console.log("????SLOTS VALUE BEFORE UPGRADE????"); console.log("slot 0 for s_tokenToAssetToken =>", address(asset)); console.log("slot 1 for s_feePrecision =>", precision); console.log("slot 2 for s_flashLoanFee =>", fee); console.log("slot 3 for s_currentlyFlashLoaning =>", isflanshloaning); //upgrade function upgradeThunderloanFixed(); //// after upgrade they are only 3 valid slot left because precision is now set to constant AssetToken assetUpgrade = thunderLoan.getAssetFromToken(tokenA); uint feeUpgrade = thunderLoan.getFee(); bool isflanshloaningUpgrade = thunderLoan.isCurrentlyFlashLoaning( tokenA ); console.log("????SLOTS VALUE After UPGRADE????"); console.log("slot 0 for s_tokenToAssetToken =>", address(assetUpgrade)); console.log("slot 1 for s_flashLoanFee =>", feeUpgrade); console.log( "slot 2 for s_currentlyFlashLoaning =>", isflanshloaningUpgrade ); assertEq(address(asset), address(assetUpgrade)); //asserting precision value before upgrade to be what fee takes after upgrades assertEq(fee, feeUpgrade); // #POC assertEq(isflanshloaning, isflanshloaningUpgrade); } ``` Add the code above to thunderloantest.t.sol and run with `forge test --mt testSlotValuesFixedfterUpgrade -vv`. it can also be tested with `testFlashLoanAfterUpgrade function` and see the fee properly calculated for flashloan

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