When upgrading from ThunderLoan to ThunderLoanUpgraded, removing s_feePrecision from the storage layout causes s_flashLoanFee to shift up one slot. After upgrade, s_flashLoanFee reads the old s_feePrecision value (1e18), making flash loan fee 100% instead of 0.3%.
ThunderLoan V1 storage layout:
slot 0: s_tokenToAssetToken (mapping)
slot 1: s_feePrecision = 1e18
slot 2: s_flashLoanFee = 3e15 (0.3%)
slot 3: s_currentlyFlashLoaning
ThunderLoanUpgraded storage layout:
slot 0: s_tokenToAssetToken (mapping)
slot 1: s_flashLoanFee (reads old 1e18 value from slot 1)
slot 2: s_currentlyFlashLoaning
When the proxy is upgraded, storage slots are preserved from V1. Slot 1 still contains 1e18 (the old s_feePrecision value). ThunderLoanUpgraded now reads slot 1 as s_flashLoanFee, so s_flashLoanFee = 1e18.
In getCalculatedFee():
fee = (valueOfBorrowedToken * s_flashLoanFee) / FEE_PRECISION
= valueOfBorrowedToken * 1e18 / 1e18
= 100% of borrowed amount
Every flash loan after upgrade charges 100% fee instead of 0.3%, making the protocol completely unusable.
Severity: High
All flash loans after upgrade cost 100% of borrowed amount
Flash loan of 1,000 USDC charges 1,000 USDC fee instead of 3 USDC
Protocol core flash loan functionality is permanently broken post-upgrade
Liquidity providers receive incorrect yield calculations
Deploy ThunderLoan — getFee() returns 3e15 (0.3%)
Upgrade proxy to ThunderLoanUpgraded
Call getFee() — returns 1e18 (100%) due to storage collision
Attempt flash loan of 1,000 USDC — fee is 1,000 USDC instead of 3 USDC
function test_H03_StorageCollisionOnUpgrade() public {
assertEq(thunderLoan.getFee(), 3e15);
ThunderLoanUpgraded upgraded = new ThunderLoanUpgraded();
thunderLoan.upgradeTo(address(upgraded));
assertEq(ThunderLoanUpgraded(address(proxy)).getFee(), 1e18);
}
Keep s_feePrecision in ThunderLoanUpgraded to preserve the original storage layout:
uint256 private s_feePrecision; // slot 1 — must keep to match V1 layout
uint256 private s_flashLoanFee; // slot 2 — same position as V1
Alternatively use OpenZeppelin ERC-7201 namespaced storage to prevent future upgrade collisions.
## Description The thunderloanupgrade.sol storage layout is not compatible with the storage layout of thunderloan.sol which will cause storage collision and mismatch of variable to different data. ## Vulnerability Details Thunderloan.sol at slot 1,2 and 3 holds s_feePrecision, s_flashLoanFee and s_currentlyFlashLoaning, respectively, but the ThunderLoanUpgraded at slot 1 and 2 holds s_flashLoanFee, s_currentlyFlashLoaning respectively. the s_feePrecision from the thunderloan.sol was changed to a constant variable which will no longer be assessed from the state variable. This will cause the location at which the upgraded version will be pointing to for some significant state variables like s_flashLoanFee to be wrong because s_flashLoanFee is now pointing to the slot of the s_feePrecision in the thunderloan.sol and when this fee is used to compute the fee for flashloan it will return a fee amount greater than the intention of the developer. s_currentlyFlashLoaning might not really be affected as it is back to default when a flashloan is completed but still to be noted that the value at that slot can be cleared to be on a safer side. ## Impact 1. Fee is miscalculated for flashloan 1. users pay same amount of what they borrowed as fee ## POC 2 ``` function testFlashLoanAfterUpgrade() public setAllowedToken hasDeposits { //upgrade thunderloan upgradeThunderloan(); uint256 amountToBorrow = AMOUNT * 10; console.log("amount flashloaned", amountToBorrow); uint256 calculatedFee = thunderLoan.getCalculatedFee( tokenA, amountToBorrow ); AssetToken assetToken = thunderLoan.getAssetFromToken(tokenA); vm.startPrank(user); tokenA.mint(address(mockFlashLoanReceiver), amountToBorrow); thunderLoan.flashloan( address(mockFlashLoanReceiver), tokenA, amountToBorrow, "" ); vm.stopPrank(); console.log("feepaid", calculatedFee); assertEq(amountToBorrow, calculatedFee); } ``` Add the code above to thunderloantest.t.sol and run `forge test --mt testFlashLoanAfterUpgrade -vv` to test for the second poc ## Recommendations The team should should make sure the the fee is pointing to the correct location as intended by the developer: a suggestion recommendation is for the team to get the feeValue from the previous implementation, clear the values that will not be needed again and after upgrade reset the fee back to its previous value from the implementation. ##POC for recommendation ``` // function upgradeThunderloanFixed() internal { thunderLoanUpgraded = new ThunderLoanUpgraded(); //getting the current fee; uint fee = thunderLoan.getFee(); // clear the fee as thunderLoan.updateFlashLoanFee(0); // upgrade to the new implementation thunderLoan.upgradeTo(address(thunderLoanUpgraded)); //wrapped the abi thunderLoanUpgraded = ThunderLoanUpgraded(address(proxy)); // set the fee back to the correct value thunderLoanUpgraded.updateFlashLoanFee(fee); } function testSlotValuesFixedfterUpgrade() public setAllowedToken { AssetToken asset = thunderLoan.getAssetFromToken(tokenA); uint precision = thunderLoan.getFeePrecision(); uint fee = thunderLoan.getFee(); bool isflanshloaning = thunderLoan.isCurrentlyFlashLoaning(tokenA); /// 4 slots before upgrade console.log("????SLOTS VALUE BEFORE UPGRADE????"); console.log("slot 0 for s_tokenToAssetToken =>", address(asset)); console.log("slot 1 for s_feePrecision =>", precision); console.log("slot 2 for s_flashLoanFee =>", fee); console.log("slot 3 for s_currentlyFlashLoaning =>", isflanshloaning); //upgrade function upgradeThunderloanFixed(); //// after upgrade they are only 3 valid slot left because precision is now set to constant AssetToken assetUpgrade = thunderLoan.getAssetFromToken(tokenA); uint feeUpgrade = thunderLoan.getFee(); bool isflanshloaningUpgrade = thunderLoan.isCurrentlyFlashLoaning( tokenA ); console.log("????SLOTS VALUE After UPGRADE????"); console.log("slot 0 for s_tokenToAssetToken =>", address(assetUpgrade)); console.log("slot 1 for s_flashLoanFee =>", feeUpgrade); console.log( "slot 2 for s_currentlyFlashLoaning =>", isflanshloaningUpgrade ); assertEq(address(asset), address(assetUpgrade)); //asserting precision value before upgrade to be what fee takes after upgrades assertEq(fee, feeUpgrade); // #POC assertEq(isflanshloaning, isflanshloaningUpgrade); } ``` Add the code above to thunderloantest.t.sol and run with `forge test --mt testSlotValuesFixedfterUpgrade -vv`. it can also be tested with `testFlashLoanAfterUpgrade function` and see the fee properly calculated for flashloan
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